Imagemagick

Reference

• Imagemagick command-line options
• ImageMagick convert command documentation
• Fred's ImageMagick Scripts — An impressive set of scripts.

Install

IMEI

• To install the latest version, easiest is to use IMEI (ImageMagick Easy Install), which enables also several options (AVIF support...).
• Missing dependency:

sudo apt install yasm
sudo ./imei.sh

Howto

Image resize

convert input.jpg -resize 500x500 output.jpg                          # Resize to fit in 500x500 max. Final image is not necessarily 500x500.
convert input.jpg -resize 500x500 -background black -compose Copy \ 
  -gravity center -extent 500x500 output.jpg                          # Resize, and if necessary center image and pad with black background
convert input.jpg -filter cubic  -resize 500x500 output.jpg           # Set resize filter. 'convert -list-filter' to get a list 
convert input.jpg -filter cubic  -resize 500x500^ output.jpg          # Resize to fix outside 500x500, preserving aspect ratio. 
convert input.jpg -filter -resize 500x500 -quality 85 output.jpg      # Setting JPG quality

Image rotate

convert input.jpg -rotate 90 input-90.jpg      # Lossy rotation (clockwise)
mogrify -rotate -90 *.jpg                      # in-place rotate (counterclockwise)

For lossless rotation, see:

• jpegtran from package libjpeg-turbo-progs

jpegtran -rot 90 -perfect -copy all foo.jpg

• exiftran from package exiftran

exiftran -i9 image.jpg                         # in-place, rotate 90

Get image info

convert -format "%f %w %h" sand.jpg info:
identify -format "%f %w %h" sand.jpg                                   # Same but shorter
identify sand.jpg -format "%f %w %h"                                   # WRONG - format string must come before because params are processed sequentially
read -r file width height <<< $(identify -format "%f %w %h" sand.jpg)  # Set values in variables

Crop an image

convert IMG_0001.jpg -gravity Center -crop 1000x1000+0+0 +repage IMG_0001-resized.jpg  # Crop a 1000x1000 region around center. The '+0+0' are mandatory.

Convert to JPG

convert IMG_0001.png IMG_0001.jpg                # Convert with default quality
convert IMG_0001.png -quality 96 IMG_0001.jpg    # Specify JPG quality

Blur an image

convert IMG_0001.jpg -gaussian-blur 5x2 IMG_0001-blur.jpg    # Similar to Gimp gaussian blur 5x5 px
convert IMG_0001.jpg -gaussian-blur 5x2 -filter cubic -resize 1000x1000^ -gravity Center -crop 1000x1000+0+0 +repage -quality 96 IMG_0001-resized.jpg

Get pixel color of an image

Use pixel::

convert image.png -format '%[pixel:p{545,276}]' info:-

Now say we want to pick the pixel color of a sequence of images, but only keep those information when the color changes in the sequence:

last=""; for f in png/*.png; do color=$(convert $f -format '%[pixel:p{545,276}]' info:-); if ! [ "$last" = "$color" ]; then echo "$f; $color"; last=$color; fi; done > banner_bg_colors.txt

Diff two images

Use compare:

compare image1 image2 -compose src diff.png

Or more advanced script, but only compare luminance [1]:

convert '(' file1.png -flatten -grayscale Rec709Luminance ')' \
        '(' file2.png -flatten -grayscale Rec709Luminance ')' \
        '(' -clone 0-1 -compose darken -composite ')' \
        -channel RGB -combine diff.png

Works as follows:

• Convert both file1.png and file2.png to grayscale.
• Then treat the first as the red channel of the resulting image, the second as the green channel.
• The blue channel is formed from these two using the darken compose operator, which essentially means taking the minimum.