Package Management: Difference between revisions

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== Ubuntu / Debian ==
== Ubuntu / Debian ==
See [[apt]].


== RPM's ==
* [http://susefaq.sourceforge.net/articles/rpm.html RPM RedHat Package Manager]
* [http://linuxgazette.net/issue68/nazario.html Using RPM: THe Basics (Part I)]
* '''Install commands'''
<source lang="bash">
rpm -ivh package # Installing a package - verbose and progress bars
rpm -iv -nodeps package # Installing a package (verbose), ignore dependencies
</source>
* '''Query commands'''
<source lang="bash">
rpm -ql package # List files provided by a package
</source>
:* To query a package that has '''not been installed''', add '''-p''' option to the command:
<source lang="bash">
rpm -qpl package # List files provided by a package
</source>

== Source package ==
Installing from source package is usually done with
<source lang="bash">
./configure
make
sudo make install
</source>
Usually <code>./configure --help</code> gives additional package configuration options (like installing documentation, etc).

;Installing build dependencies
: Building from sources usually requires more dependencies than using the package. If the package is available on the distribution, the easiest way to install these dependencies is usually via <code>apt-get build-dep</code>:
<source lang=bash>
<source lang=bash>
sudo apt-get build-dep udisks
dpkg -i <package> # Install a package from local file
dpkg --get-selections # Show the list of packages installed through apt-get
dpkg --get-selections | grep php # ... filtering for some specific package keyword
dpkg -L <package> # List files delivered by a given <package>
dpkg -S <file> # List packages providing given file
dlocate <file> # ... fast version of dpkg -S and dpkg -L combined (require package dlocate)
dlocate -S <file> # ... fast version of dpkg -S (require package dlocate)
dlocate -L <keyword> # ... fast version of dpkg -L (require package dlocate)
apt-cache search <keyword> # Search package cache (package name and description) for given <keyword>
</source>
</source>


;Installing as a package
To add a repository, edit file <tt>/etc/apt/sources.list</tt> ou <tt>sources.list.d/</tt>, then <tt>apt-get update</tt>.
: Instead of installing with <code>make install</code>, use <code>[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CheckInstall checkinstall]</code> to create a temporary package that can later be uninstalled with the package manager.
<source lang="bash">
./configure
make
sudo checkinstall # Creates a package and install it as if 'sudo make install' was run

#... to uninstall:
sudo dpkg -r <packagename>
</source>
:Note that <tt>checkinstall</tt> can actually run any arbitrary command and monitor change on the file system.

== Backports ==
=== Debian ===
See [https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/docs/staff/procedures/backporting-packages/ Backporting Debian packages].

== Managing alternatives with <code>update-alternatives</code> ==
Display current set of alternatives (e.g. here for ''gcc'' on ''Cygwin''):
<source lang=bash>
$ /usr/sbin/update-alternatives --display gcc
</source>
<source lang=bash>
# gcc - status is manual.
# link currently points to /usr/bin/gcc-3.exe
# /usr/bin/gcc-3.exe - priority 30
# slave lib-cpp: <NONE>
# slave cc: /usr/bin/cc-3.exe
# slave cpp: /usr/bin/cpp-3.exe
# slave gcov: /usr/bin/gcov-3.exe
# slave i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-4.3.4: <NONE>
# slave i686-pc-cygwin-gcc: /usr/bin/i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-3.exe
# slave protoize: /usr/bin/protoize-3.exe
# slave unprotoize: /usr/bin/unprotoize-3.exe
# slave cpp.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/cpp-3.1.gz
# slave gcc.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/gcc-3.1.gz
# slave gcov.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/gcov-3.1.gz
# slave ffi.3.gz: <NONE>
# slave ffi_call.3.gz: <NONE>
# slave ffi_prep_cif.3.gz: <NONE>
# /usr/bin/gcc-4.exe - priority 40
# slave lib-cpp: /usr/bin/cpp-4.exe
# slave cc: /usr/bin/gcc-4.exe
# slave cpp: /usr/bin/cpp-4.exe
# slave gcov: /usr/bin/gcov-4.exe
# slave i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-4.3.4: <NONE>
# slave i686-pc-cygwin-gcc: /usr/bin/i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-4.exe
# slave protoize: <NONE>
# slave unprotoize: <NONE>
# slave cpp.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/cpp-4.1.gz
# slave gcc.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/gcc-4.1.gz
# slave gcov.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/gcov-4.1.gz
# slave ffi.3.gz: /usr/share/man/man3/ffi-4.3.gz
# slave ffi_call.3.gz: /usr/share/man/man3/ffi_call-4.3.gz
# slave ffi_prep_cif.3.gz: /usr/share/man/man3/ffi_prep_cif-4.3.gz
# Current `best' version is /usr/bin/gcc-4.exe.
</source>

'''Create a new entry''' with
<source lang=bash>
/usr/sbin/update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc.exe gcc /usr/bin/gcc-3.exe 30 \
--slave /usr/bin/cc.exe cc /usr/bin/cc-3.exe \
--slave /usr/bin/cpp.exe cpp /usr/bin/cpp-3.exe \
--slave /usr/bin/gcov.exe gcov /usr/bin/gcov-3.exe \
--slave /usr/bin/i686-pc-cygwin-gcc.exe i686-pc-cygwin-gcc /usr/bin/i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-3.exe \
--slave /usr/bin/protoize.exe protoize /usr/bin/protoize-3.exe \
--slave /usr/bin/unprotoize.exe unprotoize /usr/bin/unprotoize-3.exe \
--slave /usr/share/man/man1/cpp.1.gz cpp.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/cpp-3.1.gz \
--slave /usr/share/man/man1/gcc.1.gz gcc.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/gcc-3.1.gz \
--slave /usr/share/man/man1/gcov.1.gz gcov.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/gcov-3.1.gz
</source>

'''Select an entry''' with
<source lang=bash>
/usr/sbin/update-alternatives --auto gcc # Select alternative for gcc based on priority
/usr/sbin/update-alternatives --set gcc /usr/bin/gcc-3.exe # Set gcc-3 as alternative for gcc (also set slaves, etc)
/usr/sbin/update-alternatives --config gcc # Select alternative via menu
</source>

=== Alternatives for clang ===
<source lang="bash">
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang++ clang++ /usr/bin/clang++-3.8 100
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang++ clang++ /usr/bin/clang++-6.0 1000
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang clang /usr/bin/clang-3.8 100
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang clang /usr/bin/clang-6.0 1000
sudo update-alternatives --config clang
sudo update-alternatives --config clang++
</source>

Latest revision as of 09:24, 26 November 2019

Ubuntu / Debian

See apt.

RPM's

rpm -ivh package                    # Installing a package - verbose and progress bars
rpm -iv -nodeps package             # Installing a package (verbose), ignore dependencies
  • Query commands
rpm -ql package                     # List files provided by a package
  • To query a package that has not been installed, add -p option to the command:
rpm -qpl package                    # List files provided by a package

Source package

Installing from source package is usually done with 

./configure
make
sudo make install

Usually ./configure --help gives additional package configuration options (like installing documentation, etc).

Installing build dependencies
Building from sources usually requires more dependencies than using the package. If the package is available on the distribution, the easiest way to install these dependencies is usually via apt-get build-dep:
sudo apt-get build-dep udisks
Installing as a package
Instead of installing with make install, use checkinstall to create a temporary package that can later be uninstalled with the package manager.
./configure
make
sudo checkinstall                  # Creates a package and install it as if 'sudo make install' was run

#... to uninstall:
sudo dpkg -r <packagename>
Note that checkinstall can actually run any arbitrary command and monitor change on the file system.

Backports

Debian

See Backporting Debian packages.

Managing alternatives with update-alternatives

Display current set of alternatives (e.g. here for gcc on Cygwin): 

$ /usr/sbin/update-alternatives --display gcc

# gcc - status is manual.
#  link currently points to /usr/bin/gcc-3.exe
# /usr/bin/gcc-3.exe - priority 30
#  slave lib-cpp: <NONE>
#  slave cc: /usr/bin/cc-3.exe
#  slave cpp: /usr/bin/cpp-3.exe
#  slave gcov: /usr/bin/gcov-3.exe
#  slave i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-4.3.4: <NONE>
#  slave i686-pc-cygwin-gcc: /usr/bin/i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-3.exe
#  slave protoize: /usr/bin/protoize-3.exe
#  slave unprotoize: /usr/bin/unprotoize-3.exe
#  slave cpp.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/cpp-3.1.gz
#  slave gcc.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/gcc-3.1.gz
#  slave gcov.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/gcov-3.1.gz
#  slave ffi.3.gz: <NONE>
#  slave ffi_call.3.gz: <NONE>
#  slave ffi_prep_cif.3.gz: <NONE>
# /usr/bin/gcc-4.exe - priority 40
#  slave lib-cpp: /usr/bin/cpp-4.exe
#  slave cc: /usr/bin/gcc-4.exe
#  slave cpp: /usr/bin/cpp-4.exe
#  slave gcov: /usr/bin/gcov-4.exe
#  slave i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-4.3.4: <NONE>
#  slave i686-pc-cygwin-gcc: /usr/bin/i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-4.exe
#  slave protoize: <NONE>
#  slave unprotoize: <NONE>
#  slave cpp.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/cpp-4.1.gz
#  slave gcc.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/gcc-4.1.gz
#  slave gcov.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/gcov-4.1.gz
#  slave ffi.3.gz: /usr/share/man/man3/ffi-4.3.gz
#  slave ffi_call.3.gz: /usr/share/man/man3/ffi_call-4.3.gz
#  slave ffi_prep_cif.3.gz: /usr/share/man/man3/ffi_prep_cif-4.3.gz
# Current `best' version is /usr/bin/gcc-4.exe.

Create a new entry with 

/usr/sbin/update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc.exe gcc /usr/bin/gcc-3.exe  30 \
 --slave /usr/bin/cc.exe cc /usr/bin/cc-3.exe \
 --slave /usr/bin/cpp.exe cpp /usr/bin/cpp-3.exe \
 --slave /usr/bin/gcov.exe gcov /usr/bin/gcov-3.exe \
 --slave /usr/bin/i686-pc-cygwin-gcc.exe i686-pc-cygwin-gcc /usr/bin/i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-3.exe \
 --slave /usr/bin/protoize.exe protoize /usr/bin/protoize-3.exe \
 --slave /usr/bin/unprotoize.exe unprotoize /usr/bin/unprotoize-3.exe \
 --slave /usr/share/man/man1/cpp.1.gz cpp.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/cpp-3.1.gz \
 --slave /usr/share/man/man1/gcc.1.gz gcc.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/gcc-3.1.gz \
 --slave /usr/share/man/man1/gcov.1.gz gcov.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/gcov-3.1.gz

Select an entry with 

/usr/sbin/update-alternatives --auto gcc                        # Select alternative for gcc based on priority
/usr/sbin/update-alternatives --set gcc /usr/bin/gcc-3.exe      # Set gcc-3 as alternative for gcc (also set slaves, etc)
/usr/sbin/update-alternatives --config gcc                      # Select alternative via menu

Alternatives for clang

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang++ clang++ /usr/bin/clang++-3.8 100
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang++ clang++ /usr/bin/clang++-6.0 1000
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang clang /usr/bin/clang-3.8 100
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang clang /usr/bin/clang-6.0 1000
sudo update-alternatives --config clang
sudo update-alternatives --config clang++
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