Package Management: Difference between revisions
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== Ubuntu / Debian == |
== Ubuntu / Debian == |
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See [[apt]]. |
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Installing a package from repository: |
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<source lang="bash"> |
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apt-get update # (OPTIONAL) update the local repository cache |
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apt-get install <package(s)> # Install given package |
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apt-get upgrade # Install new version of all installed package (without installing new package) |
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apt-get remove <package(s)> # Remove package (or install it if package name prefixed with - ) |
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apt-get purge <package(s)> # Remove package and related configuration files |
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apt-get autoremove # Remove package installed to satisfy dependencies for some package and that are no more needed |
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</source> |
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Querying packages that are installed / from cache repository: |
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<source lang=bash> |
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dpkg --get-selections # Show the list of packages installed through apt-get |
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dpkg --get-selections | grep php # ... filtering for some specific package keyword |
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dpkg -L <package> # List files delivered by a given <package> |
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dlocate -L <package> # ... same as above but much faster (require package dlocate) |
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dpkg -S <file> # List packages providing given file |
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dlocate -S <file> # ... same as above but much faster (require package dlocate) |
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dlocate <file> # ... same as dpkg -L -S combined but much faster (require package dlocate) |
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apt-cache search <regex> # Search package cache (package name and description) for given <regex> |
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apt-cache showpkg <package(s)> # Show information about given package(s) |
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</source> |
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Querying / Installing a .deb package file: |
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<source lang=bash> |
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dpkg --info <debfile> # (or -I) Show information of given .deb file |
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dpkg --content <debfile> # (or -c) Show content of given .deb file |
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dpkg --install <debfile> # (or -i) Install a package from given .deb file |
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</source> |
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To add a repository: |
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* edit file <tt>/etc/apt/sources.list</tt> ou <tt>sources.list.d/</tt>, then <code>apt-get update</code>. |
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To add a package authentication key: |
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<source lang="bash"> |
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gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 247D1CFF # (optional) Get the key from some keyserver |
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gpg --export --armor 247D1CFF | sudo apt-key add - # Add the key |
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</source> |
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== RPM's == |
== RPM's == |
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<source lang="bash"> |
<source lang="bash"> |
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rpm -qpl package # List files provided by a package |
rpm -qpl package # List files provided by a package |
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</source> |
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== Source package == |
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Installing from source package is usually done with |
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<source lang="bash"> |
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./configure |
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make |
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sudo make install |
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</source> |
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Usually <code>./configure --help</code> gives additional package configuration options (like installing documentation, etc). |
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;Installing build dependencies |
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: Building from sources usually requires more dependencies than using the package. If the package is available on the distribution, the easiest way to install these dependencies is usually via <code>apt-get build-dep</code>: |
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<source lang=bash> |
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sudo apt-get build-dep udisks |
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</source> |
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;Installing as a package |
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: Instead of installing with <code>make install</code>, use <code>[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CheckInstall checkinstall]</code> to create a temporary package that can later be uninstalled with the package manager. |
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<source lang="bash"> |
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./configure |
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make |
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sudo checkinstall # Creates a package and install it as if 'sudo make install' was run |
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#... to uninstall: |
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sudo dpkg -r <packagename> |
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</source> |
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:Note that <tt>checkinstall</tt> can actually run any arbitrary command and monitor change on the file system. |
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== Backports == |
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=== Debian === |
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See [https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/docs/staff/procedures/backporting-packages/ Backporting Debian packages]. |
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== Managing alternatives with <code>update-alternatives</code> == |
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Display current set of alternatives (e.g. here for ''gcc'' on ''Cygwin''): |
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<source lang=bash> |
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$ /usr/sbin/update-alternatives --display gcc |
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</source> |
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<source lang=bash> |
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# gcc - status is manual. |
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# link currently points to /usr/bin/gcc-3.exe |
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# /usr/bin/gcc-3.exe - priority 30 |
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# slave lib-cpp: <NONE> |
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# slave cc: /usr/bin/cc-3.exe |
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# slave cpp: /usr/bin/cpp-3.exe |
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# slave gcov: /usr/bin/gcov-3.exe |
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# slave i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-4.3.4: <NONE> |
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# slave i686-pc-cygwin-gcc: /usr/bin/i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-3.exe |
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# slave protoize: /usr/bin/protoize-3.exe |
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# slave unprotoize: /usr/bin/unprotoize-3.exe |
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# slave cpp.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/cpp-3.1.gz |
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# slave gcc.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/gcc-3.1.gz |
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# slave gcov.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/gcov-3.1.gz |
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# slave ffi.3.gz: <NONE> |
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# slave ffi_call.3.gz: <NONE> |
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# slave ffi_prep_cif.3.gz: <NONE> |
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# /usr/bin/gcc-4.exe - priority 40 |
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# slave lib-cpp: /usr/bin/cpp-4.exe |
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# slave cc: /usr/bin/gcc-4.exe |
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# slave cpp: /usr/bin/cpp-4.exe |
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# slave gcov: /usr/bin/gcov-4.exe |
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# slave i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-4.3.4: <NONE> |
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# slave i686-pc-cygwin-gcc: /usr/bin/i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-4.exe |
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# slave protoize: <NONE> |
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# slave unprotoize: <NONE> |
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# slave cpp.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/cpp-4.1.gz |
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# slave gcc.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/gcc-4.1.gz |
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# slave gcov.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/gcov-4.1.gz |
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# slave ffi.3.gz: /usr/share/man/man3/ffi-4.3.gz |
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# slave ffi_call.3.gz: /usr/share/man/man3/ffi_call-4.3.gz |
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# slave ffi_prep_cif.3.gz: /usr/share/man/man3/ffi_prep_cif-4.3.gz |
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# Current `best' version is /usr/bin/gcc-4.exe. |
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</source> |
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'''Create a new entry''' with |
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<source lang=bash> |
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/usr/sbin/update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc.exe gcc /usr/bin/gcc-3.exe 30 \ |
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--slave /usr/bin/cc.exe cc /usr/bin/cc-3.exe \ |
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--slave /usr/bin/cpp.exe cpp /usr/bin/cpp-3.exe \ |
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--slave /usr/bin/gcov.exe gcov /usr/bin/gcov-3.exe \ |
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--slave /usr/bin/i686-pc-cygwin-gcc.exe i686-pc-cygwin-gcc /usr/bin/i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-3.exe \ |
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--slave /usr/bin/protoize.exe protoize /usr/bin/protoize-3.exe \ |
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--slave /usr/bin/unprotoize.exe unprotoize /usr/bin/unprotoize-3.exe \ |
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--slave /usr/share/man/man1/cpp.1.gz cpp.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/cpp-3.1.gz \ |
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--slave /usr/share/man/man1/gcc.1.gz gcc.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/gcc-3.1.gz \ |
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--slave /usr/share/man/man1/gcov.1.gz gcov.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/gcov-3.1.gz |
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</source> |
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'''Select an entry''' with |
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<source lang=bash> |
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/usr/sbin/update-alternatives --auto gcc # Select alternative for gcc based on priority |
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/usr/sbin/update-alternatives --set gcc /usr/bin/gcc-3.exe # Set gcc-3 as alternative for gcc (also set slaves, etc) |
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/usr/sbin/update-alternatives --config gcc # Select alternative via menu |
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</source> |
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=== Alternatives for clang === |
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<source lang="bash"> |
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sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang++ clang++ /usr/bin/clang++-3.8 100 |
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sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang++ clang++ /usr/bin/clang++-6.0 1000 |
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sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang clang /usr/bin/clang-3.8 100 |
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sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang clang /usr/bin/clang-6.0 1000 |
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sudo update-alternatives --config clang |
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sudo update-alternatives --config clang++ |
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</source> |
</source> |
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Latest revision as of 09:24, 26 November 2019
Ubuntu / Debian
See apt.
RPM's
- RPM RedHat Package Manager
- Using RPM: THe Basics (Part I)
- Install commands
rpm -ivh package # Installing a package - verbose and progress bars
rpm -iv -nodeps package # Installing a package (verbose), ignore dependencies
- Query commands
rpm -ql package # List files provided by a package
- To query a package that has not been installed, add -p option to the command:
rpm -qpl package # List files provided by a package
Source package
Installing from source package is usually done with
./configure
make
sudo make install
Usually ./configure --help gives additional package configuration options (like installing documentation, etc).
- Installing build dependencies
- Building from sources usually requires more dependencies than using the package. If the package is available on the distribution, the easiest way to install these dependencies is usually via
apt-get build-dep:
sudo apt-get build-dep udisks
- Installing as a package
- Instead of installing with
make install, usecheckinstallto create a temporary package that can later be uninstalled with the package manager.
./configure
make
sudo checkinstall # Creates a package and install it as if 'sudo make install' was run
#... to uninstall:
sudo dpkg -r <packagename>
- Note that checkinstall can actually run any arbitrary command and monitor change on the file system.
Backports
Debian
See Backporting Debian packages.
Managing alternatives with update-alternatives
Display current set of alternatives (e.g. here for gcc on Cygwin):
$ /usr/sbin/update-alternatives --display gcc
# gcc - status is manual.
# link currently points to /usr/bin/gcc-3.exe
# /usr/bin/gcc-3.exe - priority 30
# slave lib-cpp: <NONE>
# slave cc: /usr/bin/cc-3.exe
# slave cpp: /usr/bin/cpp-3.exe
# slave gcov: /usr/bin/gcov-3.exe
# slave i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-4.3.4: <NONE>
# slave i686-pc-cygwin-gcc: /usr/bin/i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-3.exe
# slave protoize: /usr/bin/protoize-3.exe
# slave unprotoize: /usr/bin/unprotoize-3.exe
# slave cpp.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/cpp-3.1.gz
# slave gcc.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/gcc-3.1.gz
# slave gcov.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/gcov-3.1.gz
# slave ffi.3.gz: <NONE>
# slave ffi_call.3.gz: <NONE>
# slave ffi_prep_cif.3.gz: <NONE>
# /usr/bin/gcc-4.exe - priority 40
# slave lib-cpp: /usr/bin/cpp-4.exe
# slave cc: /usr/bin/gcc-4.exe
# slave cpp: /usr/bin/cpp-4.exe
# slave gcov: /usr/bin/gcov-4.exe
# slave i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-4.3.4: <NONE>
# slave i686-pc-cygwin-gcc: /usr/bin/i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-4.exe
# slave protoize: <NONE>
# slave unprotoize: <NONE>
# slave cpp.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/cpp-4.1.gz
# slave gcc.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/gcc-4.1.gz
# slave gcov.1.gz: /usr/share/man/man1/gcov-4.1.gz
# slave ffi.3.gz: /usr/share/man/man3/ffi-4.3.gz
# slave ffi_call.3.gz: /usr/share/man/man3/ffi_call-4.3.gz
# slave ffi_prep_cif.3.gz: /usr/share/man/man3/ffi_prep_cif-4.3.gz
# Current `best' version is /usr/bin/gcc-4.exe.
Create a new entry with
/usr/sbin/update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc.exe gcc /usr/bin/gcc-3.exe 30 \
--slave /usr/bin/cc.exe cc /usr/bin/cc-3.exe \
--slave /usr/bin/cpp.exe cpp /usr/bin/cpp-3.exe \
--slave /usr/bin/gcov.exe gcov /usr/bin/gcov-3.exe \
--slave /usr/bin/i686-pc-cygwin-gcc.exe i686-pc-cygwin-gcc /usr/bin/i686-pc-cygwin-gcc-3.exe \
--slave /usr/bin/protoize.exe protoize /usr/bin/protoize-3.exe \
--slave /usr/bin/unprotoize.exe unprotoize /usr/bin/unprotoize-3.exe \
--slave /usr/share/man/man1/cpp.1.gz cpp.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/cpp-3.1.gz \
--slave /usr/share/man/man1/gcc.1.gz gcc.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/gcc-3.1.gz \
--slave /usr/share/man/man1/gcov.1.gz gcov.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1/gcov-3.1.gz
Select an entry with
/usr/sbin/update-alternatives --auto gcc # Select alternative for gcc based on priority
/usr/sbin/update-alternatives --set gcc /usr/bin/gcc-3.exe # Set gcc-3 as alternative for gcc (also set slaves, etc)
/usr/sbin/update-alternatives --config gcc # Select alternative via menu
Alternatives for clang
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang++ clang++ /usr/bin/clang++-3.8 100
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang++ clang++ /usr/bin/clang++-6.0 1000
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang clang /usr/bin/clang-3.8 100
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang clang /usr/bin/clang-6.0 1000
sudo update-alternatives --config clang
sudo update-alternatives --config clang++