DNS

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References

A DNS database consists of one or more zone files used by the DNS server. Each zone holds a collection of structured resource records, the following of which are supported by the DNS Server service.
How DNS works.
Detailed explanations on how DNS work, applied to Linux.

How-to

Reverse DNS lookup

Use option -x of dig command:

dig +short -x 82.78.227.176
# 176.176-191.227.78.82.in-addr.arpa.
# ivorde.ro.

Or query record PTR in in-addr.arpa domain:

dig +short ptr 176.227.78.82.in-addr.arpa.
# 176.176-191.227.78.82.in-addr.arpa.
# ivorde.ro.