Configuration Common Linux

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This page details a common configuration for Linux, independent of the underlying platform.

Install script

  • Initial install script to install common applications
sudo apt-get install git etckeeper
git config --global user.email "user@server.com"                   # Make sure this is defined for admin user + root
git config --global user.name "User Name"                          # or release upgrade might fail in the future
sudo su -
git config --global user.email "user@server.com"
git config --global user.name "User Name (root)"
logout

sudo vi /etc/etckeeper/etckeeper.conf                              # Select git, avoid daily commit, avoid auto-commit
sudo etckeeper init
sudo etckeeper commit "1st commit"
cd /etc
sudo vi .gitignore                                                 # Ignore resolv.c* (and cups/subscriptions.* before Ubuntu Precise)
sudo git rm --cached resolv.c*
sudo git rm --cached cups/subscriptions.*                          # No longer needed on Ubuntu Precise and after
sudo git add .gitignore
sudo etckeeper commit "ignore resolv.c*, cups/subscriptions.*"

sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list                                      # Enable / add all relevant repositories (partner...)
sudo etckeeper commit "enable partners, extra repositories"

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install opera                                         # or sudo dpkg -i opera...
sudo apt-get install libnss-mdns avahi-daemon mdns-scan synapse gitk git-gui git-doc \
                     mc autossh ssh vim-gnome exuberant-ctags cscope ruby keepassx
                                                                   # 14.04 Trusty: package 'synapse' missing
                                                                   # -> Install from 13.10 package

# Restore my profile
sudo vi /etc/hosts                                                 # Add host 'griffin' - make sure localhost as FQDN:
                                                                   #     127.0.1.1	myhost.domain.com
ssh griffin -C "cat /etc/hosts"                                    # recover any needed host ip address
sudo vi /etc/hosts                                                 # ... and write them
sudo etckeeper commit "update /etc/hosts file"
git clone git@apple-pi:git/home.git
mv home/.git .
rm -rf home
git reset --hard
git st
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
set-network.sh
chmod 600 .ssh/*
chmod 644 .ssh/id_rsa.pub
mkdir tmp
git co opera -- .opera && git reset
restoresettings

                                                             # Opera
# sudo add-apt-repository ppa:synapse-core/ppa               # Synapse - older ubuntu release
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/next                   # Ubuntu Tweak
                                                             # 14.04 Trusty: ppa not yet available
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:team-xbmc/ppa                    # XBMC
sudo apt-get update
These repositories are obsolote or discontinued:
  • Update /etc/sudoers:
sudo visudo

 # See the man page for details on how to write a sudoers file.
 #
 Defaults       env_reset
+Defaults       env_keep += "http_proxy https_proxy GREP_OPTIONS DISPLAY XAUTHORITY HOME"
 Defaults       mail_badpass
 Defaults       secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
 
 #includedir /etc/sudoers.d
 
 # Specific commands that do not require password
+ALL         ALL = (ALL) NOPASSWD: /etc/privoxy/set-network-config
+ALL         ALL = NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/truecrypt
+ALL         ALL = NOPASSWD: /sbin/rfkill
  • Install latest kernel [1]
# Get Utopic kernel
sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-utopic xserver-xorg-lts-utopic libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-utopic libegl1-mesa-drivers-lts-utopic
# Get Vivid kernel
# DO NOT UPDATE TO VIVID X.ORG - IT LEAKS LIKE HELL
# sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-vivid xserver-xorg-lts-vivid libgl1-mesa-glx-lts-vivid libegl1-mesa-drivers-lts-vivid
sudo apt-get install --install-recommends linux-generic-lts-vivid
  • Install common applications
# Common Applications
sudo apt-get install rpcbind                                              # Use 'portmap' before oneiric ocelot
sudo apt-get install cifs-utils                                           # Use 'smbfs' with precise pangolin or before
sudo apt-get install terminator smbclient nfs-kernel-server nfs-common \
                     autofs apt-file p7zip-full p7zip-rar dlocate thunderbird \
                     chromium-browser meld colordiff ttf-mscorefonts-installer \
                     qiv gthumb gnupg-agent renameutils wine mplayer \
                     mplayer-doc mplayer-fonts \
                     gnome-mplayer gecko-mediaplayer gimp gdmap gparted \
                     ubuntu-tweak \
                     app-install-data-medibuntu xbmc xsel \
                     compizconfig-settings-manager moreutils tmux \
                     indicator-multiload unity-tweak-tool libavcodec-extra-54 \
                     pepperflashplugin-nonfree compiz-plugins dconf-tools \
                     gnome-tweak-tool
                                                                          # Discontinued: ubuntu-restricted-extras 
                                                                          # 14.04 Trusty: packages 'ubuntu-tweak', 'app-install-data-medibuntu',
                                                                          # 'smbfs' missing
sudo apt-file update
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh
# Optional essentials
sudo apt-get install nmap winbind libnss-winbind                          # winbind + libnss-winbind for NetBIOS name resolution
sudo vi /etc/nsswitch.conf                                                # Add "wins" at the end of "hosts:" line
# Optional applications
sudo apt-get install gnugo qgo uligo cgoban quarry pgpgpg powertop
# Optional - Fix blue video in flash (see below for details)
sudo mkdir /etc/adobe
echo -e "EnableLinuxHWVideoDecode=1\nOverrideGPUValidation=true" | sudo tee /etc/adobe/mms.cfg > /dev/null
sudo etckeeper commit "Fix blue video bug in adobe flashplayer"
  • Install fonts
mkdir ~/.fonts
wget https://github.com/belluzj/fantasque-sans/releases/download/v1.7.1/FantasqueSansMono.tar.gz
tar xvzf FantasqueSansMono.tar.gz -C ~/.fonts/ --wildcards *.ttf
sudo fc-cache -fv
  • Apply common settings (see below)
  • Applications not from repositories:
    • Panda glGo 1.4.1 (does not work on Oneiric 64-bit)
  • Install latest updates:
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Ubuntu 12.04
sudo vi /etc/default/apport                         # Disable apport by setting "enabled=0"
sudo etckeeper commit "disable apport"

tmux

Make sure that tmux is at least version 2.2. If not install it:

neovim

See Neovim page.

Common Applications

Opera (opera) See Opera to fix apt key issues
Firefox (firefox)
  • Set Ctrl-Tab to show last tab. Browse to about:config, and set browser.ctrlTab.previews to True.
Synapse (synapse)

Install with: 

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:synapse-core/ppa
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install synapse
  • Start synapse → Preferences → click Startup on login
  • Still in preferences, set Activate shortcut to Ctrl-Alt-Space
Git (git gitk git-gui git-doc gitweb git-svn) [2011-12-15] Updated to 1.7.8 Installed from sources
etckeeper (etckeeper) Configured to use git as SCM, AVOID_DAILY_AUTOCOMMITS, AVOID_COMMIT_BEFORE_INSTALL
mDNS (libnss-mdns avahi-daemon mdns-scan) After install, do: 
mdns-scan

Machine should broadcast its ip address on griffin.local to all avahi clients. For some strange reason, avahi may append a -2 suffix to broadcast name. To avoid that, edit /etc/avahi/avahi-daemon.conf and set host-name variable: 

host-name=griffin
Midnight Commander (mc) See reference page. Use vi as standard viewer/editor. Installed version from mc official repository to fix file highlighting issue.
AutoSSH (autossh)
SSH (ssh)
  • Create / restore private key:
ln -sf ../private/ssh/id_rsa_work ~/.ssh/id_rsa
  • If using bin/ssh-agent-refresh.sh:
touch ~/.use_ssh_agent
Vim (vim vim-gnome exuberant-ctags) including GVim to enable support of X clipboard
Vim/Cscope (cscope)
Ruby (ruby) ... for Vim plug-in snipMate.vim
Gnome Terminator (terminator) See Gnome Terminator for tips.
  • Set background to transparent 6% (through ~/.config/terminator/config)
  • Set scrollback to infinite scrollback
  • Custom geometry terminator --geometry=1220x720+100+100 (in application menu)
  • Font Lucida Console, 9 (on nxl67002ux / nxl67063ux), or Bitstream Vera Sans Mono Roman 9 (on nxl67063 Cygwin-X).
  • (not needed on trusty) Set terminator as default terminal for Ctrl-Alt-T [2]:
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.default-applications.terminal exec 'terminator --geometry=1220x720+100+100'
Samba (smbclient cifs-utils)
  • Use package smbfs for u1204 Precise Pangolin and before
NFS Server (nfs-kernel-server nfs-common rpcbind) See NFS for more details; Created entries in /etc/exports. rpcbind replaces portmap since Oneiric.
AutoFS (autofs)
  • Mount mnemosyne shares as NFS autofs (see [3]) and as SMB autofs
Enabled/created the following automounters in /etc/auto.master:
/net                /etc/auto.net                   --ghost
/smb/mnemosyne      /etc/auto.smb.mnemosyne         --ghost
/smb/lacie-cloudbox /etc/auto.smb.lacie-cloudbox    --ghost
  • Create configuration file /etc/auto.smb.mnemosyne
  • Create SMB credential files /etc/auto.smb.mnemosyne.* (see man mount.cifs)
  • Created path for mount points:
sudo mkdir /net
sudo mkdir -p /smb/mnemosyne
# ls /net/mnemosyne
# sudo mkdir -p /mnt/mnemosyne
# for i in /net/mnemosyne/volume1/*; do sudo ln -s $i /mnt/mnemosyne/$(basename $i); done
  • Or recover settings from an already configured host:
scp griffin:tmp/autofs.tgz .                                        # Configure autofs
sudo tar -xvzf autofs.tgz
sudo cp etc/* /etc
  • If necessary, mount shares read-only: add option ro in /etc/autofs.smb.mnemosyne
KeePassX (keepassx)
  • Set kbd layout to fix autotype bug ([4]). Create ~/.xprofile and /etc/skel/.xprofile [5]:
#!/bin/sh

#
setxkbmap be
apt-file (apt-file)
p7zip (p7zip-full p7zip-rar)
dlocate (dlocate)
Thunderbird (thunderbird)
Google Chrome (chromium-browser)
Meld (meld) Diff tool
Color Diff (colordiff)
MS Truetype core fonts (ttf-msttcorefonts-installer)
Qiv (qiv)
gThumb (gthumb)
GPG (gpgv gnupg-agent pgpgpg)
  • Added use-agent at end of ~/.gnupg/gpg.conf
  • Edit ~/.gnupg/gpg.conf as necessary.
Rename utils (renameutils)
Wine (wine) See Wine page
MPlayer (mplayer mplayer-doc mplayer-fonts)
Flash Plugin 10 (flashplugin-installer)
  • Enable Ubuntu partner repository if needed(deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu lucid partner).
  • In case of error failure to download extra data files flashplugin-installer, try
sudo apt-get --reinstall install flashplugin-installer

(Old recipe: 

sudo aptitude autoremove "flashplugin-*"
sudo aptitude install flashplugin-installer
)
  • broken— This is too unstable, see next solution — On Ubuntu 12.04 with NVidia card, there is a bug Flash video appears blue. That link recommends to update libvdpau1, but in my case it was already at the latest version. Instead the following did the trick (from bug 968647):
sudo mkdir /etc/adobe
echo -e "EnableLinuxHWVideoDecode=1\nOverrideGPUValidation=true" | sudo tee /etc/adobe/mms.cfg > /dev/null
  • Another solution is to disable hardware acceleration, by going into flash player settings. If the settings window is not clickable, first disable unity 3D (for instance with metacity --replace&)
Quicktime plugin (gnome-mplayer gecko-mediaplayer) To play Quicktime content in Opera, Firefox
Gimp (gimp)
Graphical Disk Map (gdmap)
gparted (gparted)
Ubuntu restricted extras (ubuntu-restricted-extras) shall install automatically libdvdread4
libdvdcss2 Installed via sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh (see also [6])
libavcodec-extra-54 (libavcodec-extra-54)
Ubuntu tweak (ubuntu-tweak) see Ubuntu Tweak
Medibuntu application center (app-install-data-medibuntu)
  • No longer available on u1404 Trusty Tahr
  • This install medibuntu apps in Ubuntu Application Center
XBMC (xbmc) see XBMC
XSel (xsel)
Compiz config settings manager (compizconfig-settings-manager)
moreutils For chronic, sponge
tmux (tmux) Alternative to screen, but with support for multiple panes like terminator
CPU indicator (indicator-multiload) Selected CPU, Memory, Network
Unity tweak tool (unity-tweak-tool
  • Don't show desktop in switcher
  • top right hot corner: Spread all windows

Optional Applications:

GNU Go (gnugo)
Various Go games (qgo uligo cgoban)
Quarry (quarry) Board games Go, Amazons, and Reversi
PowerTop (powertop)

Applications not from repositories:

Panda glGo 1.4.1 See local page — does not work on Oneiric 64-bit

Optional Essentials:

nmap (nmap) For use with my git prj script

Common Settings

/etc/sudoers

  • SUDO - keep environment variables:
    • http_proxy, https_proxy (to keep proxy settings for apt-get etc)
    • GREP_OPTIONS (keep grep options)
    • DISPLAY, XAUTHORITY (avoid doing xhost local:root before launching X pgm)
    • HOME (e.g. to keep git aliases and settings when using etckeeper)
    • PASSWD (e.g. to pass password via env. var to mount.cifs)
Defaults        env_reset
Defaults        env_keep += "http_proxy https_proxy GREP_OPTIONS DISPLAY XAUTHORITY HOME"
  • SUDO - Allow truecrypt and rfkill w/o password:
ALL     ALL=NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/truecrypt
ALL     ALL=NOPASSWD: /sbin/rfkill

Network

  • Samba / NFS client: Via autofs

Preferences

Users

sudo useradd -s /bin/bash -m -u 1100 marie
sudo useradd -s /bin/bash -m -u 1200 isma
sudo useradd -s /bin/bash -m -u 1300 emma
sudo passwd marie
sudo passwd isma
sudo passwd emma

X11

  • Custom keyboard mapping be:
# From my profile
sudo cp ~/etc/be /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/be
sudo rm /var/lib/xkb/*.xkm
setxkbmap us
setxkbmap be

gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.input-sources xkb-options
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.input-sources xkb-options "@as ['caps:escape']"
  • Fonts — disable embedded bitmaps. See Fonts.

Miscellaneous

  • Disable apport. Set enabled=0 in /etc/default/apport
  • Edit AppArmor tunables. If home directories are not located at /home (e.g. /data/home), edit apparmor tunables. See here for details.
  • Configure the console:
dpkg-reconfigure console-setup
# utf-8 / latin1+latin5 / Terminus / 16

Workaround

  • Install custom udisks package, version 1.0.4-5ubuntu2.1fuu1, to fix unreadable DVD-RW. See udisks, or bug 635499).
sudo dpkg -i udisks_1.0.4-5ubuntu2.1fuu1_amd64.deb
  • Add the following to ~/.bash_profile and ~/.profile to Meta-key (Alt) not working and Midnight Commander displays Press any key... after each command when in tmux session [7]:
# This fix meta-key support and stop mc displaying "Press any key..." in tmux session
if [ $TERM = "screen" ]; then
    export TERM=xterm
fi
if [ -n "$TMUX" ]; then
    export COLORTERM=rxvt
fi

Fonts

Antialiasing RGBA, Hinting Slight, Text scaling factor 1.00.

Application Font Selected font
Terminator Monospace font Fantasque Sans Mono 9
Gnome Terminal Monospace font Fantasque Sans Mono 9
Unity (desktop) Default font Lucida Sans Regular 9
Unity (desktop) Document font Lucida Sans Regular 10
Unity (desktop) Monospace font Fantasque Sans Mono 10
Unity (desktop) Windows title font Lucida Sans Unicode Bold 10
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