C

References

• The C Library Reference Guide
• C Preprocessor reference
• manpage manpages-dev
• manpage manpages-posix-dev

sudo apt-get install manpages-dev manpages-posix-dev

Tips

Struct Initializer

struct {
    int a;
    int b;
} s = { .a = 1, .b = 2 };

Same applies for union.

Variadic Macros

See reference here.

#define eprintf(...) fprintf (stderr, __VA_ARGS__)
/* eprintf ("%s:%d: ", input_file, lineno)
          ==>  fprintf (stderr, "%s:%d: ", input_file, lineno) */
#define eprintf(args...) fprintf (stderr, args)
#define eprintf(format, ...) fprintf (stderr, format, __VA_ARGS__)

An handy macro hack that counts the number of parameters passed before expansion (See [1] and [2]):

 /* The PP_NARG macro returns the number of arguments that have been
  * passed to it. This compensates for lack of __VA_NARGS__.
  * Macros written by Laurent Deniau See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variadic_macro.
  */ 

#define PP_NARG(...) \ 
         PP_NARG_(__VA_ARGS__,PP_RSEQ_N()) 
#define PP_NARG_(...) \ 
         PP_ARG_N(__VA_ARGS__) 
#define PP_ARG_N( \ 
          _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9,_10, \ 
         _11,_12,_13,_14,_15,_16,_17,_18,_19,_20, \ 
         _21,_22,_23,_24,_25,_26,_27,_28,_29,_30, \ 
         _31,_32,_33,_34,_35,_36,_37,_38,_39,_40, \ 
         _41,_42,_43,_44,_45,_46,_47,_48,_49,_50, \ 
         _51,_52,_53,_54,_55,_56,_57,_58,_59,_60, \ 
         _61,_62,_63,N,...) N 
#define PP_RSEQ_N() \ 
         63,62,61,60,                   \ 
         59,58,57,56,55,54,53,52,51,50, \ 
         49,48,47,46,45,44,43,42,41,40, \ 
         39,38,37,36,35,34,33,32,31,30, \ 
         29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20, \ 
         19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12,11,10, \ 
         9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1,0 

/* Some test cases */ 
PP_NARG(A) -> 1 
PP_NARG(A,B) -> 2 
PP_NARG(A,B,C) -> 3 
PP_NARG(A,B,C,D) -> 4 
PP_NARG(A,B,C,D,E) -> 5 
PP_NARG(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0, 
         1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0, 
         1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0, 
         1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0, 
         1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0, 
         1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0, 
         1,2,3) -> 63

Temporary variable names for Macro

/* UNIQ(x) creates a unique variable name that depends on the current source line as returned by __LINE__. We need
   Several intermediate macros because identifier are not expanded in macro if they are used along with # or ## in
   macro definition.

   Example:   #define SCAN_MY(var,n)   {int UNIQ(x); for(UNIQ(x)=0; UNIQ(x)<n; ++UNIQ(x)) printf(var[UNIQ(x)]);}
*/
#define UNIQ__(x,y) x ## y
#define UNIQ_(x,y)  UNIQ__(x,y)
#define UNIQ(x)     UNIQ_(x,__LINE__)

Debugging

See general page on Debugging.