PHP
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References
- Language reference on php.net
- php tutorial on w3schools.com (check the menu on the left)
Cheat sheets:
Install
On Windows
Download the zip archive on http://windows.php.net/download/:
- PHP 5.6.30 32-bit - Non Thread Safe (faster).
- To install
- Create a directory C:\php and unzip archive inside.
- Add C:\php to system environment path
PATH. - Copy C:\php\php.ini-production to C:\php.ini.
- Alternatively use the development version for more debug. But production ini is handy to mute deprecated API warnings
- Enable a few extensions
- To use HTTPS or SSL, uncomment the line:
extension=php_openssl.dll
- To use SOAP, uncomment the line:
extension=php_soap.dll
- To use Curl, uncomment the line:
extension=php_curl.dll
- To use XML RPC, uncomment the line:
extension=php_xmlrpc.dll
- Add/change certificate CA
- Edit php.ini:
openssl.cafile=C:/path/to/sslCertificates/cacert.pem
Invocation
php -a # Start PHP in interactive mode
Syntax
Some data types:
/* boolean */
$x = true;
$y = false;
/* integers */
$i = 42;
/* arrays */
$attr = array(); // an empty array
$cars = array("Volvo","BMW","Toyota");
$attr = array("border"=>"myborder", "mode"=>"mymode"); // associative array
/* strings */
'abc' . 'def' // concatenation
"abc $var def" // variable reference in strings
$s=str_replace("\n","",$s); // Replace a substring in a string
$s=str_replace(array("\r","\n","\t"," "),"",$s; // ... idem, with several substrings (also support several "replace" strings)
Some operators:
/* arithmetic */
$x + $y;
$x - $y;
$x * $y;
$x / $y;
$x % $y;
$x ** $y; // exponentiation
/* assigment */
$x = $y;
$x += $y;A // ... and all others: -= *= /= %=
/* comparison */
$x == $y; // ... and all others: != > < >= <=
$x <> $y; // same as !=
$x === $y; // identical operator (are equal and of the same type)
$x !== $y; // not identical operator (are not equal or are not of the same type)
/* increment / decrement */
$x++; // and $x--
++$x; // and --$x
/* logical */
$x and $y; // or '&&'
$x or $y; // or '||'
$x xor $y;
!$x;
/* string */
$x . $y; // concatenation
$x .= $y; // concatenation assignment
/* array */
$x + $y; // union
$x == $y; // equality
$x === $y; // identity
$x != $y; // inequality, or '<>'
$x !== $y; // non-identity
/* OO */
self::$static_property;
$this->property;
self::CONSTANT;
/* special keywords */
self; // The current class
$this; // The current object
NULL; // The null reference
/* magic constants -- http://php.net/manual/en/language.constants.predefined.php */
__FILE__ // The full path and filename of the file with symlinks resolved
__DIR__ // Equivalent to dirname(__FILE__). Since PHP 5.3.0
/* Scope */
global $wgScriptPath; // Declare $wgScriptPath as global when in a local scope
Unicode support
- First, if PHP file contains special character, make sure the PHP file is encoded in UTF-8:
file -bi FenTT.php # To get current encoding
iconv -f $encoding -t UTF-8 -o FenTT.out.php FenTT.php # Specify correct source $encoding as given above (note that converting us-ascii is useless)
- Specify the default multi-byte encoding:
mb_internal_encoding("UTF-8");
- Next store unicode char as follows [1]:
$S = '\u2654\u2655\u2656\u2657';
$S = json_decode('"'.$S.'"');
$D = mb_substr($S,2,1); // instead of $D=$S[2]
See php reference - string details for more information on how strings are handled internally in php.