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==Apt==
==Apt==
See [[Apt]] for more information on package management system.

=== sources.list ===
=== sources.list ===
Example {{file|/etc/apt/sources.list}} file for Debian 8, aka. ''Jessie'':
Example {{file|/etc/apt/sources.list}} file for Debian 8, aka. ''Jessie'':

Revision as of 05:51, 3 March 2020

Install

Booting from hard-disk

Reference: Debian Installer - Booting from hard-disk

Copy files initrd.gz and vmlinuz from one of the repository below to /boot, then copy the netinst installation .iso CD/DVD file in the root of one of the hard-drive partitions (e.g. root of /home partition).

initrd.gz and vmlinuz
Netinst installation media


Then restart the PC, and type in the GRUB command-line (press c in GRUB menu). For Grub 2 (recent): 

# Note: change /boot/vmlinuz to vmlinuz and /boot/initrd.gz to initrd.gz if selected partition is mounted as /boot.

ls                                   # List available partitions
ls (hd0,msdos6)                      # View partition information
ls (hd0,msdos6)/                     # View partition content
linux (hd0,msdos6)/boot/vmlinuz
initrd (hd0,msdos6)/boot/initrd.gz
boot

See Ubuntu page for older Grub versions.

Download installation media

Reference
https://www.debian.org/CD/faq/

The whole debian archive can be downloaded as separate DVD (currently 16 dvds for amd64 architecture).

The best method is to use jigdo-lite from the jigdo-file package [1],[2].

  • Reconstructs the same ISO file as available through HTTP.
  • Download package from standard mirror, which are usually faster / less loaded.
  • Can reuse past downloaded images if available.
sudo apt install jigdo-file
mkdir debian_10
cd debian_10

# We will download the first 3 DVDs
jigdo-lite

# To resume a half-finished download, enter name of .jigdo file.
# To start a new download, enter URL of .jigdo file.
# You can also enter several URLs/filenames, separated with spaces,
# or enumerate in {}, e.g. `http://server/cd-{1_NONUS,2,3}.jigdo'
# jigdo: https://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current/amd64/jigdo-dvd/debian-10.3.0-amd64-DVD-{1,2,3}.jigdo
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------
# The jigdo file refers to files stored on Debian mirrors. Please
# choose a Debian mirror as follows: Either enter a complete URL
# pointing to a mirror (in the form
# `ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian/'), or enter any regular expression
# for searching through the list of mirrors: Try a two-letter
# country code such as `de', or a country name like `United
# States', or a server name like `sunsite'.
# Debian mirror [http://deb.debian.org/debian/]: http://ftp.be.debian.org/debian/
# 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------
# The jigdo file also refers to the Non-US section of the Debian
# archive. Please repeat the mirror selection for Non-US. Do not
# simply copy the URL you entered above; this does not work because
# the path on the servers differs!
# Debian non-US mirror: http://archive.debian.org/debian-non-US/
Jigdo files
List files
  • It is not recommended to download all DVD, but only the first few (say three). Packages are sorted by popularity, so the first DVDs will contain the most popular packages.
  • To find out in which DVD some package is located, use the list files.
  • Get the list files (*.list.gz) from the mirror:

Apt

See Apt for more information on package management system.

sources.list

Example /etc/apt/sources.list file for Debian 8, aka. Jessie: 

# Stable
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ jessie main contrib
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ jessie main contrib
deb http://security.debian.org/ jessie/updates main contrib
deb-src http://security.debian.org/ jessie/updates main contrib

# Testing
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ testing main contrib
deb http://security.debian.org/ testing/updates main contrib
deb-src http://security.debian.org/ testing/updates main contrib

# Unstable / Sid
# deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ sid main contrib
# deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ sid main contrib

# Backport
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian jessie-backports main contrib
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian jessie-backports main contrib

# jessie-updates, previously known as 'volatile'
# A network mirror was not selected during install.  The following entries
# are provided as examples, but you should amend them as appropriate
# for your mirror of choice.
#
# deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ jessie-updates main contrib
# deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ jessie-updates main contrib

Using CD-ROM, with multiarch: 

# CDROM
deb [arch=i386] cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 8.7.1 _Jessie_ - Official i386 DVD Binary-3 20170116-10:09]/ jessie contrib main''
deb [arch=i386] cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 8.7.1 _Jessie_ - Official i386 DVD Binary-2 20170116-10:09]/ jessie contrib main
deb [arch=i386] cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 8.7.1 _Jessie_ - Official i386 DVD Binary-1 20170116-10:09]/ jessie contrib main
deb [arch=amd64] cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 8.7.1 _Jessie_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 20170116-11:01]/ jessie contrib main
deb [arch=amd64] cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 8.7.1 _Jessie_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-2 20170116-11:01]/ jessie contrib main
deb [arch=amd64] cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 8.7.1 _Jessie_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-3 20170116-11:01]/ jessie contrib main

Note that when using apt-cdrom add, apt does not add the arch field [arch=i386] or [arch=amd64].

preferences

Example /etc/apt/preferences: 

Package: *
Pin: release a=stable
Pin-Priority: 500

Package: *
Pin: release a=jessie-backports
Pin-Priority: 475

Package: *
Pin: release a=testing
Pin-Priority: 450

Package: *
Pin: release a=unstable
Pin-Priority: 400

Multi-arch support

To add support for i386 architecture: 

dpkg --add-architecture i386

For CD-ROM repository, we must add the arch field manually. For instance: 

deb [arch=amd64] cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 8.7.1 _Jessie_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 20170116-11:01]/ jessie contrib main

Archives

These repositories contain old versions of Debian packages:

A wayback machine that contains snapshot of Debian archive repositories, accessible by date or version number.

How-To

Install PHP5.6 CLI on Debian Stretch

libonig2_5.9.5-3.2_amd64.deb
php5-cli_5.6.30+dfsg-0+deb8u1_amd64.deb
php5-common_5.6.30+dfsg-0+deb8u1_amd64.deb
php5-json_1.3.6-1_amd64.deb
  • PHP5 binary is at /usr/bin/php5.
Alternatives

NTFS

The package ntfs-3g is not installed by default, and if so, the link /sbin/mount.ntfs → /sbin/mount.ntfs-3g is missing.

Troubleshoot

Apt-offline - ERROR: Failed to sync file

Occurs with apt-offline=1.7.2. Solution is to install python-lzma on the OFFLINE system. [3].

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