PHP

References

• Language reference on php.net
• php tutorial on w3schools.com (check the menu on the left)

• string functions

Cheat sheets:

• php DZone cheat sheet
• php Quick Reference

Syntax

/* arrays */
$attr = array();          // an empty array
$attr = array("border"=>"myborder", "mode"=>"mymode");   // associative array

/* strings */
'abc' . 'def'                                     // concatenation
"abc $var def"                                    // variable reference in strings
$s=str_replace("\n","",$s);                       // Replace a substring in a string
$s=str_replace(array("\r","\n","\t"," "),"",$s;   // ... idem, with several substrings (also support several "replace" strings)

/* constant */
NULL;              // The null reference

Unicode support

• First, if PHP file contains special character, make sure the PHP file is encoded in UTF-8:

file -bi FenTT.php           # To get current encoding
iconv -f $encoding -t UTF-8 -o FenTT.out.php FenTT.php        # Specify correct source $encoding as given above (note that converting us-ascii is useless)

• Specify the default multi-byte encoding:

mb_internal_encoding("UTF-8");

• Next store unicode char as follows [1]:

$S = '\u2654\u2655\u2656\u2657';
$S = json_decode('"'.$S.'"');

• Then access the string using the multi-byte API [2], like [3]:

$D = mb_substr($S,2,1);    // instead of $D=$S[2]

See php reference - string details for more information on how strings are handled internally in php.