Security References

Standards

Key derivation

• NIST SP800-108 Recommendation for Key Derivation Using Pseudorandom Functions.

Development

• CWE/SANS TOP 25 Most Dangerous Programming Errors
• Reflections on Trusting Trust How does writing the C compiler in C bear on security issues? Well, it does (Ken Thompson, Communication of the ACM, Vol. 27, No. 8, August 1984, pp. 761-763)
  • The idea is to hide a trojan code in the C compiler so that to inject a trojan code in eg. the login command code, and another trojan code so that to automatically re-inject itself when the C code is compiled with the infected compiler.
• Common Weakness Enumeration
• CWE-2000: Comprehensive CWE Dictionary
  • Improper Authentication

PKI

On trust model flaw in browser CAs:

• "it will CLEARLY not solve the browser security problem.", "the certifications made by even the best of those CAs are effectively MEANINGLESS" "the users are well trained to ignore EVERY browser warning they EVER get" "the ENTIRE question of OCSP is somewhat irrelevant." "spritzing the SKUNK with eau de cologne." "hanging garlands from the corpses ears."' (Cfr mail A mighty fortress is our PKI, Part II (ventzi nikov, 2010 Jul 29 09:06)

Authentication

• Handbook of Applied Cryptography, chap. 9 and 10.
  Definition, objectives, properties...

Definitions

Secure Boot

Secure Boot is a security property of a bootstrap architecture ensuring that only configurations of a certain property can be loaded. If a modification is detected, the bootstrap process is interrupted.

Authenticated Boot

Authenticated Boot is a security property of a bootstrap architecture ensuring that remote parties can verify properties of the booted configuration.

Trusted storage

Trusted storage is storage where confidentiality, integrity, and freshness (i.e., protection against replay attacks) of stored data is provided, and where the integrity of the TOE accessing the data is ensured (in order to prevent other software, such as alternative or modified operating systems, from accessing the data).

Trusted Channel

A trusted channel is a channel between two entities that provides integrity, confidentiality, and authenticity of the transmitted data, and ensures integrity and authenticity of the end points.

Nonce

A nonce is a value used no more than once for the same purpose. It typically serves to prevent (undetectable) replay

Authentication

Assurance that the peer entity is in fact the entity it claims to be.

Software

• Towards Optimization-Safe Systems: Analyzing the Impact of Undefined Behavior

Testing

• Big list of naughty strings — A list of user input strings that may trigger unexpected behaviour in SW.

Fuzzing

• https://github.com/google/syzkaller — syzkaller - kernel fuzzer

ROP

• Viable ROP-free roadmap for i386/armv8/riscv64/alpha/sparc64

Discussion about ROP protection, stack protection, RETGUARD instruction, -fstack-protector-strong flag in clang/gcc.

Reverse engineering

• Cutter - powered by Radare2.
• Ghidra.
• IDA Pro.

RSA

• Dan Boneh, Twenty Years of Attacks on the RSA Cryptosystem, February 1999, Notices of the AMS, http://www.ams.org/notices/199902/boneh.pdf
• Leo Reyzin, Notes for lecture 8 — Chinese Remainder Theorem and Blum-Blum-Shub PRG, Fall 2004, BU CAS CS 538, http://www.cs.bu.edu/~reyzin/teaching/f04cs538/notes8.pdf
• Jingjing Wang, Attacks against RSA Cryptosystems in Thirty Years, June 2011, http://cis.sjtu.edu.cn/download/d/df/RSA_Attacks.pdf

Privacy and anonymity

• Philippe Golle, Universal Re-encryption for Mixnets. [1]

Propose a variant of ElGamal encryption, where plaintext can be re-encrypted, hence preventing tracking. The same system can be used to randomize a public key such that encrypted message can still be decrypted by the same private key [2].

• Matthew Green, How does Apple (privately) find your offline devices? [3]

Description of a system to discover location of a remote offline device via a network of connected devices... in a privacy-friendly way.

• Hal Abelson, Ross Anderson, Steven M. Bellovin, Josh Benaloh, Matt Blaze, Jon Callas, Whitfield Diffie, Susan Landau, Peter G. Neumann, Ronald L. Rivest, Jeffrey I. Schiller, Bruce Schneier, Vanessa Teague, Carmela Troncoso, Bugs in our Pockets: The Risks of Client-Side Scanning

Models

Dolev-Yao attacker model

Eve can

• See all messages
• Delete, alter, inject and redirect messages
• Initiate new communications
• Reuse messages from past sessions

Eve cannot

• Solve “hard” problems (such as?)
• Guess pseudo-random values (eg. nonces)
• Get another identity (identity theft)
• Time computations

References:

• Danny Dolev and Andrew C. Yao, On the Security of Public Key Protocols, 1983, IEEE.
• Pieter Hartel, Introduction to Information Security, [4]

Other

• Colin Boyd, Towards Extensional Goals in Authentication Protocols, 1997. [5]

Extensional goals are properties independent of the protocol and define what the protocol is designed to achieve.

Fault-tolerance

• Wikipedia - Byzantine fault

Byzantine fault is a condition of a computer system, particularly distributed computing systems, where components may fail and there is imperfect information on whether a component has failed. This article covers several solutions.

• The saddest moment

a fun article about the issues of publications over byzantine fault tolerance.